general extrusion comsol

This works and solution time is reduced to 118s so much more in line with the case without gaps! General Extrusions specializes in providing secondary fabrication operations to transition an aluminum extrusion to a finished component. To implement, define a General Extrusion operator on a boundary parallel to the xy-plane, with the z-expression blank for both the Source Map and a Destination Map. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. En fournissant votre adresse email, vous acceptez de recevoir des emails de COMSOL AB et de ses filiales propos du Blog COMSOL, et acceptez que COMSOL traite vos informations conformment sa Politique de confidentialit. We begin by adding the General Extrusion coupling operator from the definitions toolbar as shown in the screenshot below: I have a 1D model (time dependent) and a 2D model (stationary). The last step before computing the model is defining a range of depth parameters for the parametric sweep. A similar boundary condition is used on the bottom side of the junction. Extruding Data Along a Direction When building the mapping, it is important to ask the following question: Given the coordinates of the destination point, how do we go to the source point? The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots. Ivar. 50K views 6 years ago Creating Geometries in COMSOL Multiphysics: Tutorial Series COMSOL Multiphysics contains a handful of tools to quickly and easily convert 2D planar geometries into 3D. The rest of the boundary loads will describe the three struts. To implement, define a General Extrusion operator on a boundary parallel to the xy-plane, with the z-expression blank for both the Source Map and a Destination Map. We want an operator that will copy from a point on the parabola to a point in the square, such that the distance of the destination point from the origin is equal to the length of the segment of the parabola between the origin and the source point. The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots. Clear the selection and add the middle strut, then change the expression from stage 1 to stage 2 to activate it only when the depth moves below the second strut. Email: support@comsol.com. Now that we know how to find the corresponding coordinates of the source point, given any point (x,y) in the destination, we enter the right-hand side of the above equation (without the subscripts) in the destination map of the General Extrusion settings window. Thank you for your time. One option involves a sweep of the geometry, removing the geometry (excavation) one step at a time. Several cases are illustrated in the table below. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. Since there is no displacement in the y-direction, the y-expression is set at its default y. As the soil is removed, the support it supplies is removed as well, subjecting the retaining wall to soil stresses from the non-excavated side. This approach is also useful in other analyses including structural contact or surface-to-surface radiation in heat transfer. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. Right: Temperature mapped from the parabola to the domain. The periodic modeling domain and the fluid flow solution. As you can see, they are in the same location but are different boundaries. Currently we are ISO 9001 certified. To apply what we have learned thus far, lets now build a diode model using the Electric Currents physics interface in COMSOL Multiphysics. From the graph below, can you see why the plot of arcext(T) on the right shows a radial variation? The focus of this blog post is on the transformation T : x_d \rightarrow x_s.. COMSOL Multiphysics offers two coupling operators to specify this mapping: Linear Extrusion operators and General Extrusion operators. For the 2D model, I have computed the expression u(x,y). Take a look at the figure below. In this example, one expression is sufficient enough to uniquely relate any destination point in the square domain to a source point on the parabolic curve. The time varying coordinates of the point at which we want to evaluate the temperature can be entered as the coordinates of the destination map. A 2D parabolic curve given by \frac{y}{d} =(\frac{ x}{d})^2 is in a square domain of side d. Our task is to build an operator that maps data from this curve (represented in blue in the figure below) to different parts of the square. \frac{x_s}{2}\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}+\frac{d}{4}\ln(2\frac{x_s}{d}+\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}) = \sqrt{x_d^2+y_d^2}. The player button feature allows you to see all the excavation depth results in one animation. General Extrusions makes simple and intricate aluminum shapes through both long and short production runs. Gaining Understanding of Complex Phenomena with Virtual Laboratories, The Graphics Window: Effective and Beautiful Postprocessing, How to Use Maximum Likelihood for Parameter Estimation in COMSOL, Thank you for your Blog. Settings for the General Extrusion operator defined on the stator boundary. listed if standards is not an option). This approach helps avoid confusion if there is an extrusion or another operator also called genext1 or another variable called T in the second component. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. This problem can be solved by using a General Extrusion coupling operator to dynamically map the solution at a particular point (moving or stationary) onto a fixed source. The variable Disp is individually defined within each of the three domains, as shown in the figure below. Hello Oluwaseyi, This sounds like a case of a variable name used twice, but you may want to reach out to the support team for help. How much easier it could have been had we only known about geomechanics simulation software. This problem can be solved by using a General Extrusion coupling operator to dynamically map the solution at a particular point (moving or stationary) onto a fixed source. COMSOL provides Model Coupling Operators to implement such a mapping. The General Extrusion coupling's 'Mesh search method' is very important for model performance in largers models #resolventtip: Get the best performance out your 'General Extrusion'-coupling in Comsol In the results, how is Point 2 related to the general extrusion? A long prismatic beam is made of 1000 1[m] cubes and we wish to solve for the thermal field in this beam, when we apply 2 distinct temperatures only at the ends of the beam - BUT the cubes have a 0.1[m] gap between them as seen in the attached image. So lets revisit the Advanced settings and switch back Mesh search method to Use Tolerance the defaults is 0.3 which we have seen to fail in this case we have to search across a 0.1m gap, and we have meshed with 0.2m mesh-elements, thus we need, tol=search_distance/element_size=0.1[m]/0.2[m]=0.5. There are two ways to model an excavation in COMSOL Multiphysics, both of which include a parametric sweep. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. Now suppose we would like to evaluate the temperature at one point of the rotating wafer. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. The corresponding normal current density for the Normal Current Density 2 node applied to edge 3 is -Js*(exp((V-genext1(V))/kTbyq)-1). One application of a General Extrusioncoupling is to mirror the solution on the x-axis. A circular micro-electrode array with three phases is designed and prototyped using PolyMUMPs process for AC electro-osmotic flow pumping. The same transforms can be implemented in three dimensions. Center: Temperature along the parabola. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. Extrusion operators can be used to access the electric potential on the other side of a junction. General Extrusions, Inc. produces aluminum extrusions in compliance with RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) requirements. In 4.0a, I can define a general extrusion coupling, and the source domain is applies to. Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. Several cases are illustrated in the table below. Linear Extrusion operators are easier to build, but their utility is limited to affine transformations.General Extrusion operators are more general but take more work to define. In this blog post, we will take a look at how to use the General Extrusion coupling operator to probe a solution at a point in your geometry, and illustrate how to implement a dynamic probe using an example model. Mapping of data defined on a cross section (left) around an axis of symmetry and into a volume (right). In these first two examples, the Use source map check box in the Source section of the settings window has been left unchecked. A destination map and source map is specified here. If we know this ahead of time, it is possible to exploit the periodicity to reduce computational requirements. Mapping of data defined on a boundary (left) along the direction normal to the plane and into a volume (right). This is why i need to convert u(x,t) back to its original form, u(x,y). General extrusion is one way to couple. I deplore the glaring oversight of COMSOL: Considering how frequently one encounters problems that include a combination of Rotationally-Symmetric and Cartesian components, that COMSOL has not seen fit to provide a specific operator for this case! If the mapping is affine, it is sufficient to know how some points in the source correspond to points in the destination entity. This button displays the currently selected search type. Temperature evaluated at a point on the rotating wafer. Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries. But no possibility to define variables. The Shockley diode equation for the current-voltage (I-V) relation is used at the junction. Left: Temperature varies linearly from left to right. Consider thermal expansion with axisymmetric thermal boundary conditions and material properties. The velocity field is given by u and v, the fluid velocity in the x and y-directions, respectively. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this . Ivar. Thank you. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. The same transforms can be implemented in three dimensions. The two circles in the geometry have centers at the origin and radii of 1.0 and 1.5. Now that the velocity field is defined throughout the modeling domain, the species concentration at the inlet is defined via the Inflow boundary condition. Adding a General Extrusion coupling operator.The green vector field is the transport term used to model the wafer rotation. This is reasonable to do since it is assumed that the flow field is independent of the species concentration. A prescribed displacement is also needed for the wall_soil boundary created earlier. FIGURE 1. The periodic velocity field, indicated by the arrows, is solved in one domain and mapped into the others. How to use the General Extrusion - COMSOL Multiphysics | Facebook We are then looking at the problem of evaluating the temperature at a point that follows the rotating wafer material. In the 4.0a interface i do not know where to define the variable Va ( source) and its expression (V). The reason is that x^i and y^i are indices for the first and second pairs of expressions used to define the source-destination relationship implicitly. These indices are, in a sense, coordinates of an intermediate mesh, and a General Extrusion operator matches source and destination points that have the same intermediate coordinates. For example, if you would rather follow the point on the geometry that corresponds to the focal point of the moving laser, you would enter the time-varying coordinates of the focal point of the laser. Create the ramp function for activating the struts. The companys manufacturing operations, which include a Youngstown, Ohio plant, comprise 220,000 square feet. Extruding Data Along a Direction The boundary load applies a force on the excavation side of the retaining wall, equal to (and therefore negating) the in-situ stresses, for any part of the wall that is below the virtual excavation depth. Now we will create a 1D plot and a line graph, with the wall diaphragm as the selection. we first need to invert the expression L=\frac{x_s}{2}\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}+\frac{d}{4}\ln(2\frac{x_s}{d}+\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}) and write x_s in terms of L. Thats no fun at all! Several cases are illustrated in the table below. The final project, on the other hand, tasked us with designing a retaining wall to match certain specifications a tough and lengthy assignment. Only the data in the z-expression is mapped. The extrusion operators constrain the normal displacement between the retaining wall and soil, forcing them to stay in contact. Therefore, we have, Now we need to find the constants a,b,c,d,e, and f. Since source points (0, 0); (1.0, 0); and (0, 1.0) correspond respectively to destination points at (0, 0); (1.5, 0); and (0, 1.5), we get. Lets consider a point on the disk at a distance of 0.5 inches from the center of the disk located at (0,0). Posted 15 feb 2011, 16:18 UTC We want stress in the negative x-direction here. Unknown function or operator. Hi, At the outlet, we want the species to be well mixed. This applies a varying species concentration over the inlet boundary. Currently we are ISO 9001 certified. Lets now explore how to use a General Extrusion operator to copy data from a 2D axisymmetric component to a 3D component, such that the source and destination points correspond to the same point in space. The Copy Domain mesh feature can copy the mesh exactly, thereby avoiding any interpolation of the flow solution between meshes. I would appreciate any help. The schematic below illustrates that there are two fluid inlets, both of which carry the same solvent (water) but a different solute. For circular periodicity, a rotation matrix, not a linear shift, must be used in the destination map. With a voltage terminal at the bottom of the device and ground at the top of the device, the following results are obtained. (For reference: the model is approx. Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics, 2023 by COMSOL. The upper layer soil, the lower layer soil, and the retaining wall. Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. Thus, the latter quantity from a source point P_s needs to be copied to the destination entity. Note that a Linear Extrusion operator cannot be used here. Note that the operator name is kept to its default: genext1. In the Work plane list, select the work plane to extrude from. Create a second line graph, showing the surface settlement, or vertical displacement, as a function of the distance from the wall. If excavating close to a retaining wall, youre subjecting it to additional forces it was not originally designed for, and it may require subsequent support. listed if standards is not an option). The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as spatially varying, with time varying coordinates for the location of the incident heat flux. Extruding Data Along a Direction. Using a General Extrusion operator to refer to the electric potential at a point on the other side of the junction. FIGURE 1. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. Extrude - COMSOL Multiphysics Ce consentement peut tre retir tout moment. Extrusion operators help us construct normal current density boundary conditions on each side of the ideal p-n junction. For example, you can couple edges (boundaries) in 2D to edges in 3D; or couple 2D domains to 3D faces. It will always be requested to be evaluated at the destination coordinates entered in the settings of the General Extrusion coupling operator. If you have already computed the solution to the finite element problem, then you can simply evaluate temperature at the destination points by clicking on the update solution option in the Study toolbar, or you can dynamically probe the variable genext1(T) evaluated at a point while you compute the solution to the finite element problem. It can be done in one model if just the physics are changing. Lets begin by looking at a microfluidic device, as shown below. An initial stress is added to the model as well to simulate the in-situ stresses in the x, y, and z directions. Once a strut is activated, it will generate a force proportional to the struts stiffness and the horizontal displacement. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. A retaining wall is used to hold back soil from a region you dont want it to move to, such as a lower level of the ground. Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. In such cases, we can use projection, integration, average, maximum, or minimum component couplings. To see how this General Extrusion operator maps variables, consider a plane stationary heat conduction problem with the left and right edges at temperatures of 300 K and 400 K, respectively. BLOG Using the General Extrusion Coupling Operator in COMSOL: Dynamic Probe BLOG Accessing Nonlocal Variables with Linear Extrusion Operators KNOWLEDGE BASE Understanding the Fully Coupled vs. Here, we will demonstrate how to accomplish this using the General Extrusion component couplings in COMSOL Multiphysics. Mapping of data defined on a cross section (left) around an axis of symmetry and into a volume (right). Simulation Organogenesis in COMSOL: Deforming and Interacting Domains General Extrusions, Inc. continues its tradition as a leading manufacturer of aluminum extrusions where quality always comes first. I didn't mean to do integration, what i meant is something like: For the final part of the physics set up, we are going to add five boundary loads to the model. Part 2: Mapping Variables with General Extrusion Operators - COMSOL General Extrusions is owned and run by the Schuler family.Read More. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. Sample data defined on the xy-plane, centered at the origin. Add depth as the continuation parameter, and click the range button. Therefore, we can greatly reduce our model by solving only for the fluid flow within one unit cell and patterning this flow solution throughout the modeling domain for the convection-diffusion problem. General Extrusion - COMSOL Multiphysics This can be either an explicit definition of the source point P_s as a function of P_d or an implicit relation between P_d and P_s. In the case of General Extrusion operators, we write out the mathematical description of the mapping for an arbitrary point in the destination. This site is under development. Computing and Visualizing Satellite Orbits in COMSOL, Introduction to the Elastic Waves, Time Explicit Interface. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. The parameters J_s, q, k, \textrm{and } T represent the following, respectively: the saturation current density, the electronic charge, Boltzmanns constant, and temperature. Although it is not strictly necessary to do so, the mesh is copied from the one domain used to solve for the fluid flow to all of the other domains. \rho C_{p} \frac{\partial T}{\partial t} + \rho C_{p} \mathbf{u} \cdot \nabla T = \nabla \cdot (k \nabla T). I tried to use your method but I failed. However, this approach did not work for a point moving on a surface that is between two domains, i.e. Thanks for replying. Instead, at every destination point, it first evaluates T_d(x_d,y_d) and carries out a mesh search operation to find the point on the source where this evaluation matches T_s(x_s,y_s). The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. Alternatively, from the Extrude from list, select Work plane to extrude objects from a work plane. listed if standards is not an option). The stator boundary 33 is used as the source boundary in the General Extrusion operator. Good luck Enter the expression for the general extrusion operator from earlier. 3M dof and can be solved in 86s, when no gaps are present and we can rely on a conforming mesh). unfortunately, I get the following error. Modeling an Excavation in COMSOL. have some questions. To start a new discussion with a link back to this one, click here. Using a General Extrusion operator to copy data from the 2D axisymmetric domain to the corresponding 3D domain. Similar to the first two, for the third strut, add the third strut boundary and change stage 2 to stage 3. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Extrusion operators are used to identify which point in the source entity corresponds to a point in the destination entity. It contained both the high and low points for that academic semester; the lab portion was a lot of fun, learning about (read: playing with) the different soils and clays existing in the state of Georgia. A typical microfluidic device. To begin, lets focus on how to replicate a Linear Extrusion operator with a General Extrusion operator. This can be useful for analysis; for example, to probe the solution at a point that is moving in time but is associated with a stationary geometry. Good luck To implement the normal current boundary condition on side 1, we need access to the electric potential V_2 on side 2. Note that the source map needs to be one-to-one for the inverse to exist. The destination map here consists of the transient coordinates where we would like to evaluate temperature. Using General Extrusion Operators to Model Periodic Structures - COMSOL One option involves a sweep of the geometry, removing the geometry (excavation) one step at a time. I didn't mean to do integration, what i meant is something like: Thanks for replying. Posted 15 feb 2011, 11:18 GMT-5 Version 4.1 3 Replies . We were the first North American aluminum extruder to achieve ISO 9002 Certification. In addition to simply copying known quantities, these operators can be used to create nonlocal couplings between unknown variables, as illustrated in our p-n junction example. I believe so, you need to define how your "y" is reduced, that is is it simply dropped or do you integrate along y ? General Extrusions is owned and run by the Schuler family. Sometimes, we may want to access an integral, average, maximum, or minimum over a source line, surface, or volume. Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. Now we can add the boundary constraints, including a symmetry on the left, a fixed constraint for the bottom boundary, and a roller for the right boundaries. This graph shows the wall deflection or horizontal displacement as a function of depth for different excavation steps. Mit der Anmeldung erklre ich mich damit einverstanden, dass COMSOL meine Daten gem meinen Prferenzen und wie in der Datenschutzerklrung von COMSOL beschrieben erfasst, speichert und verarbeitet. Standard and precision custom aluminum extrusions in 3000 and 6000 series alloys; Complete aluminum extrusion components including your finish requirements. x_s = ax_d + by_d + e, \qquad y_s = cx_d + dy_d + f. r_s = \sqrt{x_d^2 + y_d^2}, \qquad z_s = z_d. For example, to map data from a boundary around a centerline, introduce a cylindrical system, and use those coordinate system variables to define the source and destination map. Thanks in advance. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. This approach, as explained earlier, is limited to cases in which the source and destination are related by affine transformations. The information provided may be out of date. This will enable us to define the flow field in the entire serpentine section. The electric potential on one side of the gap is accessed from the other side by using an extrusion operator in order to compute the current density flowing across the gap. Here, V refers to the electric potential at a point on the bottom side, while genext1(V) refers to the electric potential vertically on the top side. The number of destination map expressions is the same as the space dimension of the intermediate mesh. Tutti i diritti sono riservati. Mapping of data defined on a boundary (left) along the direction normal to the plane and into a volume (right). Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries, 2023 by COMSOL. I have only one small question, if you dont mind, you could maybe write the expressions of the variable disp. point 2 there simply involves time varying coordinates of the focal point of the laser beam in the example model : http://www.comsol.com/model/laser-heating-of-a-silicon-wafer-13835. Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries. Is there any tutorial for comsol general projections? But finally COMSOL basics is a PDE solver tool for a given subset of useful functions, of the type used for common physics (that fits in the global or coefficient form. Editing and Repairing Imported Meshes in COMSOL Multiphysics, Exploiting Hardware Parallelism with COMSOL Batch Sweeps, The Graphics Window: Effective and Beautiful Postprocessing, Thank you so much for this article, I was in need of something that shows the mathematical operations of the extrusion coupling. The results of the analysis, including the concentration and the mapped velocity field, are depicted below. This consent may be withdrawn. The same transforms can be implemented in three dimensions. Disp is defined as one of three different scalars (0,1.5,3 mm) as per the fourth figure. Then we add three distributions, one corresponding to each of the mapped mesh distributions. CNC Machining for Aluminum Extrusions. The model is solved in two steps first, the Laminar Flow physics interface is solved, and then the Transport of Diluted Species interface is solved. For example, if the intermediate mesh is in 2D space, there is no z-expression field. The plot below shows the graph for temperature evaluated at a point located 0.5 inches from the center of the rotating disk: problem with general extrusion - comsol.de Is it possible to "paste" two functions in COMSOL? Note that V refers to the electric potential at a point on the top side while genext2(V) refers to the electric potential vertically on the bottom side. Welcome to General Extrusions Inc. It also provides design assistance and engineering support. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. Today, we will discuss General Extrusion operators, which are designed to handle nonlinear mappings and the mapping of variables between geometric entities of different dimensions. Discussion Closed This discussion was created more than 6 months ago and has been closed. Data transfer between components is performed using the COMSOL built-in "General Extrusion" coupling operator, and the iterative study steps are controlled using "For" and "End For" nodes in COMSOL. 2 for the wall diaphragm totaling 60 elements, and one for the bottom boundary, with 3 elements. To add a General Extrusion operator, we go to Definitions > Component Couplings > General Extrusion.
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