elevated crp after vaccination

If your doctor has recommended a CRP test as part of your cardiac care, you should wait a week or two after your COVID-19 vaccine so that this normal reaction to the vaccine does not skew your test results. Study participants received a prime immunisation with BNT162b1 on day 1 (all dose levels), and a boost immunisation on day 222 (all dose levels except 60 g). 3ac). are employees at BioNTech SE; K.K., L.M.K., I.V., A.M., J.Q. The primary endpoints of the study are safety and immunogenicity. No immediate reaction. Possible adverse reaction to COVID-19 vaccine - American Academy of Your healthcare provider can best explain the test results to you. 5th ed. Three days after vaccination, she experienced fevers, headaches, abdominal pain, fatigue, and myalgias. b, RBD-specific CD4+ T cells producing the indicated cytokine as a percentage of total cytokine-producing RBD-specific CD4+ T cells. C-reactive protein test - Mayo Clinic Grey shading indicates number of participants at each time point. Regardless, elevated CRP must be taken seriously as it is associated with conditions that affect the health of your heart and the supply of blood to the rest of your body. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved, Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. LLOQ=40. J. C-reactive protein (CRP) test: High and low levels, and normal range She happened to do her annual blood tests 3 days before her COVID-19 shot. PMID: 10852144. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10852144/, Sahin U, Muik A, Derhovanessian E, Vogler I, Kranz LM, Vormehr M, Baum A, Pascal K, Quandt J, Maurus D, Brachtendorf S, Lrks V, Sikorski J, Hilker R, Becker D, Eller AK, Grtzner J, Boesler C, Rosenbaum C, Khnle MC, Luxemburger U, Kemmer-Brck A, Langer D, Bexon M, Bolte S, Karik K, Palanche T, Fischer B, Schultz A, Shi PY, Fontes-Garfias C, Perez JL, Swanson KA, Loschko J, Scully IL, Cutler M, Kalina W, Kyratsous CA, Cooper D, Dormitzer PR, Jansen KU, Treci . volume586,pages 594599 (2020)Cite this article, A Publisher Correction to this article was published on 19 January 2021. Little is known about normal reference values of CRP during the perinatal period as several factors are able to influence it. Cell Host Microbe 27, 841848.e3 (2020). Spot counts were summarized as mean values of each duplicate. This may involve habit changes, weight loss efforts, and/or medication. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of Parker, who to this day still has elevated C-reactive protein and some orofacial pain and swelling, attributed her symptoms to a . Values above 2.0 mg/L may mean an increased risk of heart attacks or risk of a repeat heart attack. Both ankles became swollen and painful to walk. J. The RNA is optimized for high stability and translation efficiency13,14 and incorporates 1-methylpseudouridine instead of uridine to dampen innate immune sensing and to increase mRNA translation in vivo15. All statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism software version 8.4.2. T cell responses stimulated by peptides were compared to effectors incubated with medium only as a negative control using an in-house ELISpot data analysis tool (EDA), based on two statistical tests (distribution-free resampling) as described35,36, to provide sensitivity while maintaining control over false positives. Extended Data Fig. The antigen-encoding RNA contains sequence elements that increase RNA stability and translation efficiency in human dendritic cells13,14. D.M. 2000 May;32(4):274-8. doi: 10.3109/07853890009011772. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Ng, O.-W. et al. Moodie, Z., Huang, Y., Gu, L., Hural, J. No history of reaction to medications or vaccines in the past, except she developed a fever after she got the first dose of Shingrix vaccine. 59, 14891501 (2010). Richard N. Fogoros, MD, is a retired professor of medicine and board-certified in internal medicine, clinical cardiology, and clinical electrophysiology. Over time, heart attack, stroke, or heart failure can occur. Are there reports of similar reactions to COVID-19 vaccines? Of note, although at 1g BNT162b1 the rates of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response were lower than for the other doses (9 and 8 out of 11 participants, respectively), the number of vaccine-induced T cells in some participants was almost as high as with 50g BNT162b1 (Fig. Update Advances on C-Reactive Protein in COVID-19 and Other Viral Human SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 convalescent sera (n=38) were drawn from donors 1883 years of age at least 14 days after PCR-confirmed diagnosis and at a time when the participants were asymptomatic. Avoid processed meat, consume omega-3 fatty acids or monounsaturated fatty acids, and include more fresh fruits and vegetables. European Heart Journal. It may be due to serious infection, injury or chronic disease. Samples to assess persistence are not yet available but are planned in the study protocol and will be reported elsewhere. You can return to your usual activities right away. Serum for antibody assays was obtained on days 1 (pre-prime), 81 (post-prime), 222 (pre-boost), 293 and 434 (post-boost). A secondary R-PE-labelled goat anti-human IgG polyclonal antibody (1:500; Jackson Labs) was added for 90min at room temperature while shaking, before plates were washed once more in a solution containing 0.05% Tween-20. Amino acid substitutions were cloned into the spike expression plasmid using site-directed mutagenesis. BMC Infect. Toxicity grading scale for healthy adult and adolescent volunteers enrolled in preventive vaccine clinical trials. A simple blood test can check your C-reactive protein level. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Myocarditis After BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccination BNT162b1 demonstrated in principle a manageable tolerability at dose levels that elicited robust immune responses. In the 60g dose-level cohort, which received a priming dose only, the RBD-binding IgG GMC was 755Uml1 by day 43, indicating that a boosting dose is necessary to increase antibody concentrations. A high-throughput neutralizing antibody assay for COVID-19 diagnosis and vaccine evaluation. The robust RBD-specific antibody, T cell and favourable cytokine responses induced by the BNT162b1 mRNA vaccine suggest that it has the potential to protect against COVID-19 through multiple beneficial mechanisms. Phase 1/2 study of COVID-19 RNA vaccine BNT162b1 in adults. Following overnight incubation at 28C while shaking, plates were washed in a solution containing 0.05% Tween-20. Since the COVID-19 vaccination predictably generates an immune response, including increased inflammation, the shots may temporarily elevate CRP levels. Methods: Data for COVID-19 patients with clinical outcome in a designated hospital in Wuhan, China, were retrospectively collected and analyzed from 30 January 2020 to 20 February 2020. Med. Immunized participants showed a strong, dose-dependent vaccine-induced antibody response. and A.S. coordinated operational conduct of the clinical trial. Background: The objective of this cohort study was to determine whether elevated CRP in early COVID-19 was associated with 14-day mortality in geriatric patients. 9, 3361 (2018). At present, there is probably insufficient immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the human population to drive antigenic drift. Assessing Cardiovascular Risk with C-Reactive Protein Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Vaccine 30, 57615769 (2012). About 72 hours after her COVID-19 shot, she developed non-itchy papules on her neck which over the next couple days spread all over her body. Rauch, S., Jasny, E., Schmidt, K. E. & Petsch, B. Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA yields superior nonimmunogenic vector with increased translational capacity and biological stability. a, Correlation of RBD-specific IgG responses (as in Fig. This type of low-grade inflammation contributes tothe deposit of fat and other substances in the artery walls, a condition called atherosclerosis. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. b, Kinetics of lymphocyte counts. In the placebo-controlled, observer-blinded USA trial, dosages of 10g, 30g (prime and boost doses 21days apart for both dose levels) and 100g (prime only) were administered. 3). If escape from RBD-elicited immunity were to emerge in the future, the versatility of the RNA platform could facilitate fast adaptation to newly emerging viral strains. In: Ferri's Best Test: A Practical Guide to Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging. Cases of myocarditis and pericarditis have occurred most frequently in adolescent and young adult males within 7 days after receiving the second dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine; however, cases have also been observed after dose 1 . Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-SARS-CoV-2-S pseudoparticle generation and neutralization assays were performed as previously described21. PMID: 15976761. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15976761/, Posthouwer D, Voorbij HA, Grobbee DE, Numans ME, van der Bom JG. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein made by the liver. The mean age of the donors was 45 years. Should she receive a second dose but not an mRNA vaccine? CDC has published studies with clinical information about myocarditis and pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination. Accessed Nov. 15, 2022. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000007822. We do not have Johnson & Johnson vaccine in Canada. What Does It Matter If You Have High Cholesterol? Learn your the risk of a second heart attack. Circulation. The vaccine was transported and supplied as a buffered-liquid solution for intramuscular injection and was stored at 80C. Increased serum amyloid A (SAA) APR predicted severe vascular disease. Pseudocolour plot axes are in log10 scale. An hs-CRP test may be most useful for people who have a 10% to 20% chance of having a heart attack within the next 10 years. Preprint at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.21.20132449v1 (2020). Similarly, we did not assess the induction of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells. Higher levels of C reactive protein (CRP) may be a predictive marker in determining which patients with mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will progress to a severe case, according to study results published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases. Each serum was tested in duplicate and GMC plotted. Narrowed arteries can lead to a heart attack. Ther. Habibzadeh, P. & Stoneman, E. K. The novel coronavirus: a birds eye view. Choose anti-inflammatory foods such as salmon, tuna, and plant-based proteins. No history of viral illnesses or other vaccines in this April or May. Mol. The statistical method of aggregation used for the analysis of antibody concentrations and titres is the geometric mean and the corresponding 95% CI. 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Data were captured as median fluorescent intensities (MFIs) using a Bioplex200 system (Bio-Rad) and converted to U/ml antibody concentrations using a reference standard curve (reference standard composed of a pool of five convalescent serum samples obtained more than 14 days after COVID-19 PCR diagnosis and diluted sequentially in antibody-depleted human serum) with arbitrarily assigned concentrations of 100U/ml and accounting for the serum dilution factor. This content does not have an Arabic version. A long-term trend based on the contraction phase cannot be extrapolated. He is a clinical professor at the University of Washington School of Medicine and practices at Harborview Medical Center in Seattle. J. Exp. New vaccine technologies to combat outbreak situations. PMID: 32998157. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32998157/, Potempa LA, Rajab IM, Hart PC, Bordon J, Fernandez-Botran R. Insights into the Use of C-Reactive Protein as a Diagnostic Index of Disease Severity in COVID-19 Infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Renal disease, female sex and older age . a, RBD-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses for each dose cohort. Control. It could be that it merely reflects the vascular injury and inflammation that results from other risk factors. Each data point represents the normalized mean spot count from duplicate wells for one study participant, after subtraction of the medium-only control (a, c). Google Scholar. The detection of IFN, IL-2 and IL-12p70, but not IL-4 or IL-5, indicates a favourable TH1 profile and the absence of a potentially deleterious TH2 immune response. By Richard N. Fogoros, MD The blood sample goes to a lab for analysis. Pardi, N. et al. In summary, the antibody responses elicited by BNT162b1 in study BNT162-01 largely mirrored those observed in the USA study1. False negative and false positive results are more common when measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. U.S. Preventive Task Force. Results equal to or greater than 8 mg/L or 10 mg/L are considered high. K.K. 2 Solicited adverse events. 2020 Nov 21;4:100130. doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100130. & Self, S. G. Statistical positivity criteria for the analysis of ELISpot assay data in HIV-1 vaccine trials. Nature 586, 594599 (2020). The higher the CRP levels, the greater amount of inflammation in the body. Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses. Participants were immunised with BNT162b1 on days 1 (all dose levels) and 22 (all dose levels except 60 g) (n=12 per group, from day 22 on n=11 for the 10 g and 50 g cohort). This study extends prior research in US and European populations validating influenza vaccination as an in vivo model for investigating the dynamics of inflammation, but also raises potential complications in settings where rates Sahin, U., Karik, K. & Treci, . mRNA-based therapeuticsdeveloping a new class of drugs. In this assay, CD4+ or CD8+ T cell effectors were stimulated overnight with overlapping peptides representing the full-length sequence of the vaccine-encoded RBD. Clinical features and inflammatory markers in pediatric - PubMed Participants received a BNT162b1 prime dose on day 1, and a boost dose on day 222. To assess the functionality and polarization of RBD-specific T cells, we identified cytokines secreted in response to stimulation with overlapping peptides representing the full-length sequence of the vaccine-encoded RBD by intracellular staining (ICS) for IFN, IL-2 and IL-4 in PBMCs collected before and after vaccination from 52 participants who had been immunized with BNT162b1. The prophylactic effectiveness of this technology against multiple viral targets has been proven in preclinical models5,6,7. . r=0.4829, P=0.0014. b, Correlation of VNT50 (as in Fig. Further information on research design is available in theNature Research Reporting Summary linked to this paper. Moderate elevation refers to levels between 1.0 mg/dl and 10.0 mg/dl, which can signal a more significant issue. are inventors on patents and patent applications related to RNA technology and COVID-19 vaccine; D.B., C.B., S. Bolte, E.D., J.G., K.K., R.H., A.K.-B., L.M.K., D.L., U.L., A.M., C.R., U.S., .T., I.V. Myoglobin and C-reactive protein are efficient and reliable early Commun. Fluorescence was measured with a Bioplex200 system (Bio-Rad) and analysed with ProcartaPlex Analyst 1.0 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific). COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and T Interferon- was produced by a large fraction of RBD-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The Link Between Triglycerides and Heart Health, Benefits of Fish Oil for Heart Disease Prevention, 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines, Cardiovascular disease: Risk assessment with nontraditional risk factors, No Significant Association Between Plasma Endosialin Levels and the Presence or Severity of Coronary Artery Disease, nflammation and cardiovascular disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics, Anxiety disorders and inflammation in a large adult cohort, Statin therapy decreases serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor- in HIV-infected patients treated with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors, C-reactive protein and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. and K.A.S. Eosinophilia Causes - Mayo Clinic & Garry, R. F. Interferon-beta and interferon-gamma synergistically inhibit the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). health information, we will treat all of that information as protected health 2a, Extended Data Table 4). Rev. The second dose was fine. High C-Reactive Protein: Test, Causes, Risk Factors, Treatment The RBD-binding antibody concentrations and SARS-COV-2 neutralizing titres elicited by two doses of BNT162b1 appear to follow this pattern, showing a decline on day 43. Elevated CRP is associated with increased risk of heart disease. The corresponding authors had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit the data for publication. 2005 Jun;145(6):323-7. doi: 10.1016/j.lab.2005.03.009. Both CRP levels and lymphocyte counts are considered pharmacodynamics markers for the mode-of-action of RNA vaccines. Should she avoid the second dose? Preprint at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651v2 (2020). Cells were stained for viability and surface markers (CD3 BV421, 1:250; CD4 BV480, 1:50; CD8 BB515, 1:100; all BD Biosciences) in flow buffer (DPBS (Gibco) supplemented with 2% FBS (Biochrom), 2mM EDTA (EDTA; Sigma-Aldrich) for 20min at 4C. The level of CRP increases when there's inflammation in the body. 2a) with CD8+ T cell responses (as in Fig. Extended Data Fig. and K.P. The fast and highly scalable mRNA manufacturing and LNP formulation processes enable rapid production of manyvaccine doses6,7,11, making it suitable for rapid vaccine development and pandemic vaccine supply. Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science. Hyperviscosity is thought to promote a hypercoagulable state. Your health care provider might ask you to avoid such activities before the test. Muruato, A. E. et al. and M.V. Her kidney function remained abnormal for at least a month. is an officer at Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc; A.B., C.A.K. Mark J. Mulligan, Kirsten E. Lyke, Kathrin U. Jansen, Jordan R. Barrett, Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer, the Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group, Spyros Chalkias, Frank Eder, Rituparna Das, Laurence Chu, Keith Vrbicky, Roderick McPhee, Victoria G. Hall, Victor H. Ferreira, Deepali Kumar, Andrea Keppler-Hafkemeyer, Christine Greil, Oliver T. Keppler, Paul R. Wratil, Marcel Stern, Ulrike Protzer, Katie J. Ewer, Jordan R. Barrett, the Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group, Nature Du Clos TW. Arrowheads indicate days of vaccinations. 3C at 5 days after the second dose of the vaccine, approximately one month after the first dose. Pardi, N. et al. All Rights Reserved. These adverse events were transient, resolved spontaneously or were manageable with simple measures (for example, paracetamol). No serious adverse events were reported. advised on experiments. 1. 2b), and the vaccine elicited lower ratios of serum-neutralizing GMT to RBD-binding IgG GMC than did infection with SARS-CoV-2. The associated symptomatology, such as fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, joint pain, injection site pain, and tenderness, was mostly mild or moderate, with occasional severe (grade 3) manifestations. COVID-19 convalescent samples (HCS, n=38) were obtained at least 14 days after PCR-confirmed diagnosis and at a time when the donors were no longer symptomatic. All authors have completed the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) uniform disclosure form at https://www.gisaid.orgwww.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf` and declare: U.S. and .T. An RNA vaccine drives immunity in checkpoint-inhibitor-treated melanoma. She was not exposed to any antibiotics or other medications in this spring. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. In summary, these findings indicate that BNT162b1 induces functional and proinflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in almost all participants, with TH1 polarization of the helper response. She received her first dose of Pfizer COVID-19 shot on May 9. Always talk to your healthcare provider before taking low-dose aspirin for daily therapy. Expression kinetics of nucleoside-modified mRNA delivered in lipid nanoparticles to mice by various routes. Trials that tested the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines showed that systemic reactogenicity more often occurred after dose 2 and generally within 48 hours after vaccination. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Med. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. In the 30-g dose level cohort, 2 out of 12 (16.7%) subjects experienced severe local reactogenicity; 6 out of 12 (50%) subjects reported severe systemic reactogenicity (primarily headache, chills, fatigue or muscle pain); and 1 subject out of 12 (8.3%) reported fever. Fourteen days after the boost dose, geometric mean neutralising titres reached 1.9- to 4.6-fold those seen in a panel of COVID-19 human convalescent sera (HCS). Treatment aimed at lowering CRP levels may reduce cardiovascular risk, but researchers are still working to understand these relationships. This dependency was modelled in a log-linear fashion with a Bayesian model including a noise component (unpublished). J. Pharmacol. Studies have shown that they can reduce CRP levels by 13% to 50%. Flare of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19 vaccination Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the monotonic relationship between non-normally distributed data sets. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Executive summary: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Ther. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. That means the high-sensitivity test can find smaller increases in C-reactive protein than a standard test can. 4 Correlation of antibody and T cell responses. It is well known that C-reactive protein (CRP) is the acute-phase protein and the active regulator of host innate immunity, which is highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation and may guide escalation of treatment of COVID-19-related uncontrolled inflammation. Hs-CRP level is only one risk factor for coronary artery disease. Mitchell Grayson, MD, FAAAAI. A multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and adults (MIS-A) occurring after coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been identified; onset is 4-6 weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection ( 1 - 3 ). Serum virus-neutralizing GMTs were strongly correlated with RBD-binding IgG GMCs (Fig. The two participants immunized with 1g BNT162b1 who lacked a CD4+ response had no detectable virus-neutralizing titres (VNT50) (Extended Data Fig. 3). Adrenal conditions. IFN is a key cytokine for several antiviral responses. Immunity 52, 910941 (2020). It was not checked previously. Intracellular staining was performed in Perm/Wash buffer for 30min at 4C (CD3 BV421, 1:250; CD4 BV480, 1:50; CD8 BB515, 1:100; IFN PE-Cy7, 1:50; IL-2 PE, 1:10; IL-4 APC, 1:500; all BD Biosciences). An elevated level of CRP is considered an increased risk for heart disease, and testing CRP levels is often part of cardiac care. To account for varying sample quality reflected in the number of spots in response to anti-CD3 antibody stimulation, a normalization method was applied to enable direct comparison of spot counts/strength of response between individuals. 4c). Function of C-reactive protein. Ann Med. No CD4+ T cell responses were detectable at baseline, except for one participant in the 50g dose cohort with a low number of pre-existing RBD-reactive CD4+ T cells, which increased substantially after vaccination (normalized mean spot count from 63 to 1,519). It is also not the same as dangerously high levels of CRP seen as a result of infection with the coronavirus itself. Statins are drugs that lower cholesterol. 1). Nat. Titres were calculated in GraphPad Prism version 8.4.2 by generating a four-parameter (4PL) logistical fit of the percentage neutralization at each serial serum dilution. Moodie, Z. et al. This content does not have an English version. Progression in that cohort and dose escalation required data review by a safety review committee. She had normal C3, C4, ANA and ANCA. c, RBD-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-responses in all participants who received prime and boost vaccination (n=42) with a positive response to RBD and their baseline CEFT- and CEF-specific T cell responses. Sources: Influenza vaccination results in acute phase response (APR) in men with and without severe carotid artery disease. Vaccination schedule and serum sampling are described in Extended Data Fig. Lab tests when she first became symptomatic showed high CRP (40 mg/ L; normal<3), high creatinine and low estimated GFR (53 mL/min), Lymphopenia (0.6 X 10 9/ L), mild hypokalemia (3.3), mild elevation in LDH, mildly reduced serum albumin at 32 g/ L (her baseline is 43). Inflammatory Response After Influenza Vaccination in Men With and Without Carotid Artery Disease | Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology and after vaccination. Twenty-one days after the priming dose (for the four dose levels ranging from 1 to 50g), geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) of RBD-binding IgG had increased in a dose-dependent manner, with GMCs ranging from 265 to 1,672units (U)ml1 (Fig. The vaccination schedule is described in Extended Data Fig. Article https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2814-7. Studies have demonstrated an association between high CRP levels and cancers of the liver, lung, colon, breast, and endometrium. Stock, C. Mller, S. Murphy, G. Szab and M. Vehreschild for technical support, project management and advice; A. Finlayson and M. Rao for editorial assistance; P. Koch and F. Groher for data management and analysis; S. Liebscher and O. Kistner for expert advice; J. Absalon for manuscript advice; the CRS Team (Mannheim and Berlin) for study conduct: S. Baumann, M. Berse, M. Casjens, B. Ehrlich, and F. Seitz; the Pfizer Vaccines Clinical Assays Team and the Pfizer Aviation Team for technical and logistical support of serology analyses; and the GISAID Nucleotide database for sharing of SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequences. It explains CRP blood tests, possible causes for high CRP levels, and the medication and lifestyle changes that may be used to treat it. Chris Vincent, MD, is board-certified in family medicine. Serum was obtained on day 1 (pre-prime), 81 (post-prime), 222 (pre-boost), 293 and 434 (post-boost). Peer review information Nature thanks Barbra Richardson and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. This reporter virus generates similar plaque morphologies and indistinguishable growth curves from wild-type virus. 27, 824836 (2019). Xie, X. et al. About 72 hours after her COVID-19 shot, she developed non-itchy papules on her neck which over the next couple days spread all over her body. Evaluation of C-reactive protein as an inflammatory biomarker in rabbits for vaccine nonclinical safety studies. All authors supported the review of the manuscript. The bottom line is that a temporary elevation in CRP level is to be expected after a vaccine.
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