70 percent of pakistan inbred

7. Many investigators reported that greater biomass accumulation before heading and higher shoot reserve translocation are the decisive factors of higher yield in hybrids [1621]. Climate of both experimental sites is similar. B. S. 65/36 for 2008-2009: date: May 01, 2009) and also to the laboratory staffs of Plant Physiology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur-1701, Bangladesh for their experimental support. WebPakistan had a population of 213,222,917 according to the final results of the 2017 Census of Pakistan. of the experimental plots are summarized in Table 1. Arch. [22] and Yang et al. The shoot reserve translocation (%) to grain varied among the different planting dates and gradually decreased with delayed planting. 28, no. Consanguineous marriages in Chicago region. 9, pp. The studied hybrid varieties synthesized significantly higher amounts of chlorophyll and maintained higher chlorophyll a:b ratio in their flag leaf over inbred BRRI dhan45 (Table 4). This group is dwindling because of its age. In this study there was no significant difference in flag leaf photosynthetic rate between the studied hybrid and inbred rice varieties, irrespective of planting dates. This poor filled grain percentage was associated with lower postheading crop growth rate and also related to failure of assimilates supply to the spikelets due to rising temperature. The area, production and yield of rice for the last 4 years are depicted in Fig. 101140, Shanghai Science & Technology Press, Shanghai, China, 2000 (Chinese). on: function(evt, cb) { Basmati Rice Production and Research in Pakistan There are small non-Muslim religious groups, including Christians, Ahmadis, Hindus, Buddhists, Sikhs, Bahs and Zoroastrians (Parsis),[95]. 2-3, pp. Chlorophyll a:b ratio of the flag leaf was higher in both the hybrids. ), 7.2 deaths / 1,000 population (2021 est. In terms of their vitality, 7 are classified as 'institutional', 17 are 'developing', 37 are 'vigorous', 10 are 'in trouble', and 3 are 'dying'. WebThe average level of inbreeding over the years varied from zero to 7.3%. "Pakistan: Fertility rate from 2010 to 2020." The population is mainly clustered around the most agriculturally fertile areas, particularly the Indus River and its tributaries. The populatio is being affected by this. T. L. Jeng, T. H. Tseng, C. S. Wang, C. L. Chen, and J. M. Sung, Yield and grain uniformity in contrasting rice genotypes suitable for different growth environments, Field Crops Research, vol. 3, pp. 34253429, 2007. It is spoken as a first language by almost 39% of Pakistanis. 3. Yield and its attributes of hybrid and inbred rice varieties at different dates of planting in dryseasons, 2008-200, Comparison of flag leaf chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a:b ratio among hybrid and inbred rice varieties at different dates of planting in dryseason, 2009-201, Comparison of flag leaf photosynthetic rate among hybrid and inbred rice varieties at different dates of planting in dryseason, 2009-201, Preanthesis dry matter accumulation in shoot and its translocation to the grain of hybrid and inbred rice varieties at different dates of planting in dryseasons, 2008-200, Leaf area index (LAI) of hybrid and inbred varieties at different DAT in dry seasons, 2008-09 and 2009-10, respectively. 1. 3, pp. 16. In each year, dry matter accumulation of hybrid Heera2 and BRRI hybrid dhan2 at the heading stage was higher than that of elite inbred BRRI dhan45, but the dry matter accumulation decreased 28% and 17.5% in the studied hybrids and inbred at 5 February planting compared to 20 December planting. In Pakistan, cousin marriage is legal and common for economic, religious and cultural reasons. Poor grain filling is the cause of poor grain yield in hybrids [8, 10, 23]. [36]: Over 40% of patients in Denmarks largest ward for clinically insane criminals have immigrant backgrounds. Islam et al. According to the BBC, a muslim family in the UK is up to 13 times more likely to have a child with recessive genetic disorders, and account for a third of all children with genetic birth defects. There are three major dialect patterns within which the various individual dialects may be classified; these are Pakhto, which is the Northern (Peshawar) variety, and the softer Pashto spoken in the southern areas such as in Quetta. Vertical bars represent standard error (, Source-sink relation and postheading crop growth rate of hybrid and inbred rice varieties at different dates of planting in dryseasons, 2008-200. [4] The census also reported that Azad Kashmir's population stood at 4,045,367[5] and Gilgit-Baltistan's population was 1,492,924. The truth about white tigers [96] 96.47% are Muslims, followed by 2.14% Hindus, 1.27% Christians, 0.09% Ahmadis and 0.02% others. [4], The demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley civilisation to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of Pakistan from Eurasia and the nearby Middle East. Kulkami, ML. Four planting dates were maintained, namely, 20 December, 5 January, 20 January, and 5 February. [19], and Yang et al. JPMA - Journal Of Pakistan Medical Association 8288, 1997 (Chinese). In addition to finding such a high number of cases of extreme inbreeding, the researchers found that such cases had a wide range of negative health impacts on people in terms of physical, mental, and reproductive issues. S. Peng, J. Yang, F. V. Gracia et al., Physiology-based crop management for yield maximization of hybrid rice, in Advances in Hybrid Rice, S. S. Virmani, E. A. Siddiq, and K. Muralidaran, Eds., pp. New York, Oxford University Press, New york, 1988, pp. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Increased risk of abnormalities in the offspring is often advanced to explain such restrictions, but the underlying reasons could only be social and anthropological15, because, a custom so popular must have significant social advantage. The name "Sindhi" is derived from Sindhu, the original name of the Indus River. 48269, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baos, Philippines, 1981. Pakistan is the world's fifth-most populated country.[7]. 7, pp. In the UK, an increasing percentage of infant deaths or serious medical issues are caused by 50+ generations of first cousin marriages and inbreeding in the muslim world, placing an increasing strain on the NHS. Postheading photosynthetic dry matter accumulation panicle1 in both the hybrids exhibited higher degree of thermosensitivity. Plants of 12 hills from each plot were harvested at maturity to record the yield contributing components. The prevalence of such marriages is dictated, to a large extent, by culture, religion, tradition and civil laws3. 6, pp. Int. All of them play a significant role in the country, housing nearly 14 million people altogether. Distinct urban-rural differentials emerged. To avoid the adverse effect of higher temperature, the hybrid varieties should be transplanted at the onset of the dry season. 17, no. 178183, 2009. In both the years, the maximum grain yield for all varieties was achieved at early planting dates (20 December) and there was a gradual decreasing trend observed in delayed planting. 19271936, 2008, (Chinese with English abstract). The table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2017 census. The overall frequency inbreeding in this study was 76% and the coefficient of inbreeding was 0.04151 (Table II). Saraiki is to a high degree mutually intelligible with Standard Punjabi[78][79] and shares with it a large portion of its vocabulary and morphology. SchulI, W.J. M. S. Islam, M. S. U. Bhuiya, S. Rahman, and M. M. Hussain, Evaluation of SPAD and LCc based nitrogen management in rice (Oryza sativa L.), Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, vol. D. F. Russell, MSTAT-C Package Program, Crop and Soil Science Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich, USA, 1986. Thereafter, the reduction of LAI is greater in inbred than that of hybrids (Figure 1). Separately, Lafarge and Bueno [1] stated that higher yield of hybrid was the result of better sink regulation. Why do UK born Pakistani babies have high perinatal andneonatsl mortalityrate. The U.K. Biobank began in 2006 and helps scientists study the various contributions of genetic predisposition and environmental exposure to the development of diseases. WebFor context, some statistics: In Pakistan, close to 70% of the population is inbred In England, half of Pakistani immigrants are married to first cousins In Denmark, around 40% are inbred. B. Ferrer, Bi-phasic growth patterns in rice, Annals of Botany, vol. The statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022,[7] and are covered in more detail in the following section. This result confirms the findings of Yan et al. listeners: [], This was entirely predictable, it just hasnt been talked about. Show publisher information Grain yield ranged from 4.44 to 7.42tha1 for BRRI hybrid2, 4.37 to 8.03tha1 for Heera2, and 4.57 to 6.16tha1 for inbred BRRI dhan45 for all planting dates in both the years. Higher chlorophyll content in the flag leaves and its slow reduction toward maturity delayed senescence of the hybrid rice varieties (Table 4). 135138, 1999. The leaf area development of studied varieties at different planting dates in 2009-10 was more or less similar to the previous year. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. { Flag leaf is the main and most active photosynthetic source of grain yield in rice [32, 38, 39]. Regarding the association of types of relationship to malformations, of the total related parents (n=3820), 50% of second cousins had malformations in their children The figures fnr first cousins and distant related parents were 39% and 36% respectively (Figure 1). This is due to Pakistani Christians having a significantly lower fertility rate than Pakistani Muslims and Pakistani Hindus as well as them being concentrated in the most developed parts of Pakistan, Lahore District (over 5% Christian), Islamabad Capital Territory (over 4% Christian), and Northern Punjab. Chi square and p-values were calculated alongwith contingency coefficients. Speak Out: Inbred Muslims - Southeast Missourian [85] An alternative local name for this language group is Hindki. WebThe inbreeding factor can account for the epistemological myopia of Muslims, particularly Muslim criminals. Business Solutions including all features. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more. [76][77], Saraiki () is an Indo-Aryan language of the Lahnda group, spoken in central and southeastern Pakistan, primarily in the southern part of the province of Punjab. The BRRI hybrid dhan2 is a popular indica hybrid rice variety developed by Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) in 2008. Forty percent (1530 out of 3820) of related parents had congenital nalfonnations in their children (Figure 2) T. Kobata, M. Sugawara, and S. Takatu, Shading during the early grain filling period does not affect potential grain dry matter increase in rice, Agronomy Journal, vol. 219225, 1992. 10. [58][59], No region in Pakistan uses Urdu as its mother tongue, though it is spoken as the first language of Muslim migrants (known as Muhajirs) in Pakistan who left India after independence in 1947.
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