). The area at the end of Dune Street had a lot of informal paths used as shortcuts to the beach. Holidaying on the Gold Coast, In C. Bosman, A. Dedekorkut-Howes and A. Leach (eds.). This includes tramping, anchoring, cruising and diving. This does not mean that one is more important, nor necessarily excludes, nor has to be dominant over the other. Impacts range from global contributions to climate change and ocean pollution to localized effects on endangered plant and animal species in protected areas. Figure 1. map of the Gold Coast showing waterways and ocean. Our coast provides significant economic, social and environmental benefits, making coastal management a serious and important issue for us all. And if the Spit is developed will this be just another link in a long chain of development conflict cycles, none ever completely resolved? Gordon Holden (2011) writes: One challenge for planners is to find the balance between fostering new development for a rapidly growing population and preserving the heritage and character of the existing urban realm. 2Although some attempts to a better coastal policy and management were tried here and there (e.g. Type the characters you see in the image below, Catchment & Citizen Science Grants Program, Business incentives & investment programs, Copy of decision notice or plan of development, Development application pre-lodgement advice, Lodge a submission to have your say on a development application, Appealing a development application decision, Residential plumbing & drainage applications, Commercial plumbing & drainage applications, Concurrency plumbing & drainage applications, Stormwater and sediment control on building sites, Building development on cultural heritage sites, Tree & vegetation removal on private land. The City of Gold Coast is a case in point and no more so than currently (2017) with proposals to build a cruise terminal or/and a casino, and high rise residential towers on its protected coastal strip (the Spit). Although there is only one marina owned by a yacht club (Southport Yacht Club), there are about twenty other privately owned marinas, slipways and boatyards within the jurisdiction of this unique city, which offers the proximity to two major airports, tourism attractions, theme parks and unique hinterland (Tenefrancia, 2016). ), opposed by the steady resistance of the old players (save our Spit!). Best recognises that the Yugambeh people, the traditional owners of much of South East Queensland, continue to fight a battle both social and environmental, to ensure that their cultural heritage is respected and not exploited (Best, 1994). 4As the landscapes of the City of Gold Coast have been subject to continual reinvention, change and transformation (Wise & Breen, 2004; Wise, 2006; Griffin, 2006), patterns of conflict, change and continual re-adjustment have become ingrained in the lived experience of the city and its development. Offshore sand nourishment works at Narrowneck, depositing more than 350,000 cubic metres of sand on the seabed close to shore. By June 2013 the development project was in doubt, primarily on account of fiscal arrangements. It did however mark a change in decision-making processes, as did the (temporary) securing of the Spit as a free, undeveloped; public open space. In December 2005 the Queensland State Government created a Gold Coast Marine Development Project Board to act as the proponent for the Spit development. 18Notwithstanding, the Gold Coast City Councils planning regulations, nor the lengths to which previous National Party Government officials had defended the Spit against development, nor the fact that the Government had specifically set up the Gold Coast Harbours Authority as a local approach to the management of the Broadwater and Spit environs, on 15 September 2005 the Queensland Labor Government announced its intention of developing an international cruise ship terminal and related services on this valued and valuable piece of public open space. Stratford, E. (2009). These new players, not surprisingly, reinforce the cycle of development conflict on the Gold Coast. The first major conflict in the now City of Gold Coast followed the arrival of European settlement in the region leading up to the mid-1820s. This pattern is immersed within the history of Southport as discussed below and the Gold Coast as a whole (see for example Whelan, 2006). The City of Gold Coast is also dissected by numerous rivers and creeks that have largely been reconfigured and developed into prime real estate around artificial canals (Figure 1). Sense of Place and Urbanity: Challenges and Interventions at the Gold Coast, Proceedings from the 4th Making the Cities Liveable Conference. The foot traffic had significantly reduced the vegetation on the dunes, allowing weeds to take hold in some areas. Work is carried out by specialist contractors and our internal natural areas dune crew. The big question remains: will the proposed casino and/ or towers go ahead? During calmer conditions, the sand is slowly swept back up onto the beach. The government perceived the Spit to be, and valued the site as, a space of economic opportunity. Nevertheless, on Friday 03 August 2007 (just over two years from the first public announcement) the Premier Peter Beattie proclaimed that the Cruise Ship Terminal on the Spit would not proceed. (eds), Advancing Conflict Transformation. This article shows how the evolution and resolution of development conflicts on the citys protected coastal strip (the Spit) are symptomatic of the evolution of place values and how, this informs a shift towards better coastal protection. Here on the Goldie, we are enjoying beautiful warm daysmostly in the mid to high twenties; the beaches are already packed and, Read More There is always something to do on the Gold CoastContinue, Travel has indeed so much changed over the last decade. It reflected an optimistic period of policy development (Vince, 2008) that would culminate with the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act in 1999. The environmental impacts of tourism have gained increasing attention in recent years. The methodology to monitor changes and to establish biological carrying capacity is still unsophisticated. At last, the cycle of conflicts seems, currently, to have stalled with the repetitive impetus of new players (develop the Spit! The report provides the City with valuable information on: The City has a comprehensive data collection regime to monitor our coastline. Cruise ships are estimated to produce more than 70,000 tons of waste each year. The loss of public open space in the face of rapid population and urban growth. Although one could argue that these circumstances might reflect as well the maturity of the national Australian Oceans Policy and a good diffusion among the public (hence increased awareness), Vince et al., (2015) have demonstrated that the policy did not lived up its promise as the major instrument driving oceans management in Australia, and that sector based management remains the main modus operandi. Sense of Place and Urbanity: Challenges and Interventions at the Gold Coast, Proceedings from the 4th Making the Cities Liveable Conference, 27-29 July, Noosa. (1994). We have created GIFT Insights blog to share project insights and latest commentary from our members on current tourism industry related news. A lack of land-use planning and building regulations in many destinations has facilitated sprawling developments along coastlines, valleys and scenic routes. Luxury in all its States: Foundations, Dynamic and Plurality, Social Movements, Here and There; from the Past and the Present, Island Worlds: Spaces, Temporalities, Resources, Marine Resources and Coastal Development: Vulnerability, Management and Adaptation to Global Change, Tourism and Fight against Poverty: Theoretical Approach and Case Studies, Insularity and Tourism: Territorial Project Matter, Globalization: different faces, different perspectives, The Caribbean coast of Central America: fragmentation or regional integration, Tourism, culture(s) and Territorial Attractiveness, The changing world of coastal, island and tropical tourism, Cruise Tourism: Territorialisation, Construction and Development Issues, Islands in crisis: Haiti, Jamaica, France's overseas, Marine Resources: Current Situations, Usages and Management, Tourism in Latin America: Development Challenges and Perspectives, Spaces and Protected Areas: Integrative Management and Participatory governance, Small Island Territories and Sustainable Development, Tourism in the Tropical and Subtropical Islands and Coastlines: Places Usages and Development Issues, Migrations, Mobilities and Caribbean Identical Constructions, Micro-Insularity and Marine Environments Degradation: Example of the Caribbean, Empreintes de l'esclavage dans la Carabe, criture hors-pair d'Andr et de Simone Schwarz-Bart, Risques, rsilience et prennit des destinations touristiques. Wise, P. (2006). Spitfight, The Courier Mail, 08 April. Gold Coast City Council (2010). If you really want to help save the environment, the answer is to seek alternative methods of transportation and avoid flying. Si la plupart des autres villes du littoral australien se sont appuyes sur leur port pour dvelopper leurs activits commerciales et navales, la ville de Gold Coast est, depuis ses dbuts, une ville touristique. This declaration triggered State legislation that called for an Environmental Impact Study (EIS) which meant the Government had direct control over the way the EIS was developed, the criteria by which it was to be assessed and it enabled other legislation to be bypassed if necessary. Queensland Parliamentary Debates 29/09/2005. This pattern is immersed within the history of Southport as discussed below and the Gold Coast as a whole (see for example Whelan, 2006). Conflict then potentially occurs as a result of the difference in place values between the new and old players/community members. I will explain each of these negative environmental impacts of tourism below. Australias Oceans Policy: Past, present and future, Johannes Bjelke-Petersen: The Lord's Premier. Stable dunes are critical to the health of our beaches. This transformation, combined with an extraordinary increase in population (8,400 inhabitants in 1947; almost 70,000 in 1991 and over 555,000 in 2017, ABS, 2017) resulted in urban densification of the coastline, which became the hub for a range of services, tourist attractions and housing. Council accused of mass sell-off, News, Wednesday 09 October, pp7. An average golf course in a tropical country such as Thailand needs 1500kg of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides per year and uses as much water as 60,000 rural villagers. This would inevitably have had severe consequences for the wildlife living in the area. Conflict in Urban Development, Aldershot, Ashgate. Privacy policy | Copyright matters | CRICOSProvider - 00233E | TEQSA PRV12076, Gold Coast Logan Brisbane | Australia. Government regulation is . This provides an overall health score for each beach compartment. These are often largescale project works and can involve planting up to 20,000 plants on one site. thesis, University of Queensland. ii. This may result in increased animals deaths, for example road-kill deaths. The Gold Coast is one of Australia's most iconic coastal cities. Will this be the new norm, accepted and valued by local communities, the old players? Employing over 3.2 million people, coastal tourism generates a total of 183 billion in gross value added and representing over one third of the maritime economy of the European Union. and R.G. You can also look at ways to offset your carbon footprint. During this time, the Gold Coast transformed from small resort town to become an international tourist city (Dedekorkut-Howes & Bosman, 2015). Unfortunately, many destinations, particularly in the developing world, do not have strict law enrichments on sewage disposal. In order to determine what place values, meanings and attachments users of the Spit held, we carried out 88 intercept surveys on the Spit between February and September 2007. The feeling of attachment that is produced from knowing a place comes from living that place. Community Engagement: Practical strategies for empowerment or wishful narrative?, URL: . Another reason Gold Coast tourism is booming is due to the almost perfect sub-tropical climate. 11One challenge for planners is to find the balance between fostering new development for a rapidly growing population and preserving the heritage and character of the existing urban realm. Call us now at 07 5539 8553. Much of the literature on the history of Aboriginal-European conflict in Australia is written with a Euro-centric perspective (Anderson, 1983; Best, 1994). Tourism Impacts and Sustainable Developments - Environmental Protection When it comes to increased regional profile, 77% agreed that Gold Coast tourism had helped in this aspect. Wise, P. and S. Breen (2004). In particular, potential visitors from other Australian cities seek the opportunity for activities where they can connect with each other (especially family and couples who are the primary markets for the Gold Coast). SOSA a, URL: . No matter which perspective is more accurate, the fact remains that this conflict of interests resulted in Aborigines dying in large numbers, some shot by Native Police, some poisoned by settlers (Moore, 1990). Animals may displaced from their habitats and the noise from construction may upset them. Picturesque landscapes are often destroyed by tourism. positive environmental impacts of tourism as there are negative, it is important to note that tourism CAN help preserve the environment! Landscapes: The Social Construction of Nature and the Environment. Very few Gold Coast tourists would realise just how much their holiday is helping the Gold Coast tourism industry and our residents. The more this occurs, the more damage that is caused. This growth has been driven, primarily, by the citys features and urban characteristics (Bosman et al., 2016, Hundloe et al., 2015; Burton, 2012; Longhurst, 1993), the impacts of its tourism activities (Scott et al., 2016; Dredge, 2011) and its governance structures (Dredge & Jamal, 2013; Burton, 2009). The Economic Impacts of Tourism on the Gold Coast [West, Guy, Bayne, Barbara] on Amazon.com. For instance, Dekker. The feeling of attachment that is produced from knowing a place comes from living that place. We regularly collect data using: For the Beach Health Report, we split our coastline into 23 beach compartments. Griffin, G. (2006). A few months after a well-attended and enthusiastic protest, and in response to a continued barrage of criticism about the development proposal (see SOSA, a), the then Deputy Premier, Anna Bligh, herself a Gold Coaster by childhood experiences, summed up the situation. Gold Coast tourism is booming and forecasts indicate its only going to continue to improve. Condon, M. (2003). The Gold Coast has a major opportunity with the Commonwealth Games. Cambridge: Polity. Jenningss last fight to save the Spit was instigated in 1979 when the Queensland National/Liberal State Government, under the Premiership of Sir Jon Bjelke-Petersen (see Wear, 2002; Whitton, 1989), established the Gold Coast Waterways Authority to address tidal inundation and the impacts of storm surges in the Broadwater and the erosion of the Spit. Furthermore, golf resorts are more and more often situated in or near protected areas or areas where resources are limited, exacerbating their impacts. Abstract. Importantly, the survey data indicated that the Spit environs were perceived as a safe and valuable community asset. And dont forget to leave me a comment to say hi too!). According to a study conducted by Tourism and Events Queensland, the Gold Coast has come a long way as a holiday destination. Carver and V. Ylli (2009). It is of interest to note that 50 percent of users surveyed were not aware of the development proposals for the Spit and only 15 percent were or had been involved in community action against the proposed development that threatened the Spit environs. Framing Places: Mediating Power in the Built Form, Gold Coast Harbour Study Report No22, Economic Development and Major Projects, Southport Urban Heritage and Character Strategy Review. This transformation, combined with an extraordinary increase in population (8,400 inhabitants in 1947; almost 70,000 in 1991 and over 555,000 in 2017, ABS, 2017) resulted in urban densification of the coastline, which became the hub for a range of services, tourist attractions and housing. Based on a study conducted by Tourism Queensland, 55% of residents agree that tourism have positive impact on their lives and on local community. Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environment's ability to cope with this use within the acceptable limits of change. Ten years of implementing Australias Oceans Policy: From an integrated approach to an environmental policy focus, Maritime Studies, March-April. The City of Gold Coast is a case in point and no more so than currently (2017) with proposals to build a cruise terminal or/and a casino, and high rise residential towers on its protected coastal strip (the Spit).This paper demonstrates how the evolution and resolution of development conflicts on the Spit (Gold Coast) are symptomatic of the evolution of place values and the national coastal management and how, this informs a shift towards coastal protection. We have a 52-kilometre coastline, extending from Point Danger at the New South Wales border to Jumpinpin on South Stradbroke Island. For example, wildlife viewing can bring about stress for the animals and alter their natural behaviour when tourists come too close. This damages the flora and fauna in the area and can cause serious damage to coral reefs. GCCM (2006). Shibley (2000). For many coastal cities such as the City of Gold Coast, the challenge is compounded, as activities in the coastal zone (land and water) significantly contribute to creating a sense of place. In an effort to save the Spit from major development a second rally took place in November 2012 and studies indicated that the Spit environs have been identified as a key environmental asset worth more than $611 million for the city (Weston 2013). They have rallied, formed community groups, undertaken voluntary tree planting and encouraged councils and governments to see the place as the Gold Coasts Central Park. The tensions and differences between the two groups of players seem irreconcilable (see table 1). The Gold Coast in Australia is one of these coastal places, which developed through taking advantage of its environmental assets, such as direct access to the sea, a white sandy shoreline, an extensive and naturally protected broadwater and several large accessible rivers. We also need to increase awareness of the visitor economy and tourism ecosystem. On the 11 February 2010 the local Federal Member of Parliament send out an email survey asking his constituents if they wanted a cruise ship terminal on the Spit, the Broadwater or neither? This email followed in the footsteps of a previous announcement by the state government, in mid-2008, of their (renewed) intention of developing a cruise ship terminal in the vicinity of the Southport Spit. The Gold Coast enjoys almost 300 days of sunshine per year that most people, particularly those who are coming from countries with cold winters, really find comfortable. Environmental Impacts of Tourism - GDRC Implacing architecture into the practice of placemaking, Journal of Architectural Education, 53 (3): 130-140. Cartier, C. and Lew, A. We work to protect our dunes and promote healthy native vegetation by: Learn more about how you can care for our coastal environment through Our beaches. 2023 Dr Hayley Stainton, all rights reserved. One thing that did emerge from the 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study was that the Gold Coast City Council agreed that no development (private or commercial) would occur on the remnant of public land at the northern end of the Southport Spit and that the open space character of the area would be retained and enhanced (Gold Coast City Council, 2003). This resulted in the regions most horrific and infamous development conflict, a conflict that was mirrored in nearly all regions across Australia throughout the 18th and 19th Centuries. Griffith University tourism lecturer Sarah Gardiner told ABC Radio Gold Coast many businesses were "living from grant to . The Gold Coast is renowned for its natural beauty . Belonging as a resource: the case of Ralphs Bay, Tasmania, and the local politics of place, Environment & Planning A, 41: 796-810. This corresponds to the activities of surfing, diving, fishing and dog walking; the four primary everyday activities that take place on the Spit. In the past cruise ships would simply dump their waste while out at sea. Those that did use the Spit regularly, as the surveys testify, perhaps took the Spit for granted or felt disempowered. This included: Despite severe weather impacts in 2021-22, City coastal management projects continue to work towards: Download the Beach Health Report map(PDF,2MB). These changes also have more and more influenced tourists by impacting the quality of vacation experiences. Aside from the money spent by tourists on establishments, the city also earns from diverse businesses that are being put up due to healthy Gold Coast tourism. George, J., chair (2009). Entrepreneuriat : Quelle voie pour le dveloppement d'Hati? Planning legislation in the City of Gold Coast has historically favoured development rather than environmental conservation and heritage preservation (Bosman. That was a sad reality to see. thesis, University of Queensland. We suggest that in this statement the Deputy Premier was casting local place attachment as an obstacle in the development process. As a transformational event, GC2018 presents a unique opportunity to demonstrate leadership in sustainability by delivering to international standards of best practice, leaving positive economic, environmental, social and community legacies that last beyond the Closing Ceremony. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. This includes some of the most popular establishments such as Chevron Renaissance, Circle on Cavill, Orchid Residences among others. Based on a sample of 1,759 Australians, mostly from Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, and more in-depth focus group research in Melbourne with the couples and family markets, we found some interesting pointers. We suggest that in this statement the Deputy Premier was casting local place attachment as an obstacle in the development process. By June 2013 the development project was in doubt, primarily on account of fiscal arrangements. Much of the literature on the history of Aboriginal-European conflict in Australia is written with a Euro-centric perspective (Anderson, 1983; Best, 1994). (eds), Advancing Conflict Transformation. URL: . In order to bypass local Government planning restrictions (and we argue the views and input of local communities) the State sought absolute control over the planning and development processes by declaring the project a Significant Development. Despite the fact that the project was eventually abandoned one year later at the favor of the new state election, ASF is still in the starting blocks to deliver mostly a casino under the official form of an integrated resort development. Gold Coast | Department of Tourism, Innovation and Sport These were (SOSA, b): The SOSA mounted their campaign based upon these five factors. The Board was set up to advise the Premier and the Coordinator General to undertake tasks as required by the Government. Governance arrangements and the coastal zone in The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia (2009), Report: Managing our coastal zone in a changing climate, Chapter 6, URL: . This can contribute to severe local air pollution. 22Nevertheless, on Friday 03 August 2007 (just over two years from the first public announcement) the Premier Peter Beattie proclaimed that the Cruise Ship Terminal on the Spit would not proceed. This situation also reflected the wider commonwealth disengagement from state planning concerns and the failure of all levels of government to implement policy (Vince, 2008; Wescott, 2002). (ed. , Chapter 6, URL: . (2008). This growth has been driven, primarily, by the citys features and urban characteristics (Bosman, 2015; Burton, 2012; Longhurst, 1993), the impacts of its tourism activities (Scott. By July 2006 (just ten months into the feasibility studies) the SOSA had collected over 20,000 signatures as part of their petition to the state government to stop development on the Spit (SOSA d). 4.1 Economic impacts Some of the positive economic impacts of tourism are: increasing employment opportunities, generating income, spending more on infrastructure and public Proceedings of UHPH 14 Landscapes and ecologies of urban history and planning: Passion, Power & Prejudice: A Remarkable Untold Account of a Magic City in the Making Gold Coast. Evidence suggests a variety of impacts to coral result from shoreline development. Sustainable living Creating a greener home is easier than you think. Scott, N., Gardiner, S., & Dedekorkut, A. Yet by early 2014, the Newman State Government nominated the ASF China Consortium developer to build a cruise ship terminal in the vicinity of the Spit. Patrimoines naturels, socio-conomiques et culturels des territoires insulaires : quel avenir ? On the Southport Spit, one of the first to object to development on this prime beachfront dune was the local National Party Member of Parliament at the time, Doug Jennings. Bligh, A. Dekker, A., Goverde, H., Makowski, T. and Ptaszynska-Woloczkowicz, M. (1992). These were (SOSA, b): The economic benefits to the community, the City and the state were marginal because SOSA research indicated that cruise liner passengers spent more money on board the than they did on shore. Addressing the impacts of tourism. Fortunately, technological advancements in aviation are seeing more environmentally friendly aircraft and fuels being used worldwide, although the problem is far from being cured. Local resistance and the shift to local environmental awareness, http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/docannexe/image/10496/img-1.png, http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/docannexe/image/10496/img-2.jpg, http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/docannexe/image/10496/img-3.png, http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/docannexe/image/10496/img-4.png, http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/docannexe/image/10496/img-5.jpg, http://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/docannexe/image/10496/img-6.png, Catalogue of 610 journals. It is important to note however, that the decision by the government not to proceed was taken at the height of a state government election campaign. Besides, with a population that could also triple in size over the holiday season in selected precincts, the city has historically been challenged by finding a balance between financial interests, community cohesion, and identity. Vanclay, F., M. Higgins and A. Blackshaw (eds.) Natural, this is worse in areas with mass tourism and overtourism. One thing that did emerge from the 1998 Gold Coast Harbour Study was that the Gold Coast City Council agreed that no development (private or commercial) would occur on the remnant of public land at the northern end of the Southport Spit and that the open space character of the area would be retained and enhanced (Gold Coast City Council, 2003). This is almost double what the inhabitants of an average Spanish city use. Planning legislation in the City of Gold Coast has historically favoured development rather than environmental conservation and heritage preservation (Bosman et al., 2016). About 77% of all ship waste comes from cruise vessels. Environmental aspects are little studied, with 1,500 publications in total. London: Verso.
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