e. Communications. Under normal conditions in flat, open terrain on a clear night, rotary-wing aircraft lose most of their audio signature at a distance of about 5 kilometers. Do Car Companies Know Where Their Critical Minerals Come From? Once the platoon leader has enough information to make a decision, he selects a COA that is within the capabilities of the platoon, that allows the platoon to continue the reconnaissance as quickly as possible, and that supports the commander's concept of the operation. (b) Herringbone. The purpose of tactical movement is to move units on the battlefield either to initiate contact with the enemy or to reach a destination when contact with the enemy along the way is possible. 0000008165 00000 n (2) File Formation. They reposition the vehicles as needed to take advantage of the best cover, concealment, and fields of fire. When operating out of normal communications range, an infiltrating element that must transmit required information should move to high ground or set up a long-range expedient antenna. (2) All crews involved in the maneuver must always maintain all-round security at all times. Front and rearExcellent (maximum firepower). Reconnaissance vehicles are most vulnerable in wooded areas when they are stopped, so halts should be kept to a minimum. It uses bounding overwatch because of the possibility of enemy contact. The platoon employs the coil, herringbone, and triangle "Y" formations to maintain 360-degree security when stationary. Continue with Recommended Cookies. b. Credits: Sgt. In bounding overwatch, one element is always stopped to provide overwatch. The research described in this report was sponsored by the United States Army and conducted by the RAND Arroyo Center. Leaders must stay ready to adjust the distance of individual vehicles based on terrain, visibility, and mission requirements. (May 31, 2018) -- The Army is using developmental operations to explore potential improvements to the service's critical friendly force tracking system Joint Battle Command-Platform, known as JBC-P. After determining that the commander's intent has not changed, the platoon leader recommends the COA to the commander and requests permission to execute. Section dismounted formation. 0000041306 00000 n The platoon leader evaluates the situation and decides which formation best suits the mission and situation. When a reconnaissance platoon member makes contact with the enemy, he reacts according to the circumstances of the contact. (c) The leader must designate an alternate rally point to use if the primary rally point is occupied by the enemy, is compromised, or is found to be unsuitable. When choosing a movement formation or technique, the leader considers the most recent situational update and the level of C2 needed for the mission. During movement to the rally point, position updates allow separated elements to identify each other's locations. Regardless of the likelihood of enemy contact, the platoon should always use bounding overwatch if time is available and when there is a possibility of enemy contact. Once he identifies these areas, the platoon leader considers where the enemy will focus its reconnaissance assets and determines their fields of observation. | Army Organic Industrial Base Modernization Implementation Plan. He ensures that the COA is within the capabilities of the platoon, allows platoon members to continue the reconnaissance as quickly as possible, and supports the commander's concept of the operation. All elements of the patrol mounted their tactical vehicles and moved to the vehicle drop off point upon completion of rehearsals. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Continue with Recommended Cookies. (1) The platoon leader informs all of the squad leaders of the situation and identifies the near-side and far-side rally points. In all types of operations, contact occurs when an individual soldier, team, or section of the reconnaissance platoon encounters any situation that requires an active or passive response to the enemy. (2) The leader identifies adjacent units and creates additional graphic control measures as needed on his operations overlay. If time constraints prevent the platoon from bypassing a large open area, then the platoon uses a combination of traveling overwatch and bounding overwatch to cross the open area. The steps that make up actions on contact must be thoroughly trained and rehearsed so that the platoon can react instinctively, as a team, whenever it encounters enemy forces. The platoon should then practice this SOP as a drill so that correct execution of the coil becomes automatic. These reconnaissance elements move to dismount points, set their vehicles in hide positions, and send dismounted patrols to multiple vantage points using dismounted reconnaissance techniques, with the emphasis on avoiding detection. When the terrain precludes use of the wedge, fire teams use the file formation (Figure 3-8). The earlier in the contact that the platoon leader can make this decision, the better. Patrols request permission to return to the platoon vehicles. The squad or platoon turns 90 degrees to the right or left around the open area and continues to move until it reaches the far side. (1) It is critical that the platoon maintains continuous surveillance of these mobility corridors to provide security against enemy forces that move into the sector after the reconnaissance platoon has moved on. f. Fire Support. (a) Alternate Bounds. The decision to fight mounted or dismounted is made by the platoon leader based on the factors of METT-TC. Squads move either in a column or modified wedge. These techniques provide a standard method of movement, but the platoon leader must use common sense in employing them as he performs his missions and encounters different situations. Once the platoon crosses the linear danger area, the main body begins moving slowly on the designated azimuth. (1) The bounding element must take full advantage of whatever cover and concealment the terrain offers. Conversely, these areas often expose the platoon to possible enemy observation and fire for long periods of movement. The project, known as Expeditionary JBC-P, or X JBC-P, aims to inform future decisions to deliver the vehicle-based Blue Force Tracking system's capabilities to dismounted Soldiers. The Army has not been able to do this for a variety of reasons, and its current infantry fighting vehicle, the M2 Bradley, cannot carry enough soldiers to enable squad-level fire and maneuver from a single vehicle. This type of operation may require the battalion to activate its escape and evasion plan or to deploy a reaction or support force to help extract the friendly elements. (d) Execute the COA. The platoon finds the flanks of the enemy position and looks for other enemy elements that could provide mutual support to the position. To meet user needs, the dismounted kit must be light and compact enough to carry in a rucksack for extended missions as well as easy to use and set up. Once he decides on a COA, he recommends it to the battalion commander and provides information on how the platoon COA will affect the current situation. xref Crossing Large Open Areas (Mounted). Spacing requirements, as well as other METT-TC considerations, require the platoon to adapt basic formations. DISMOUNTED MOVEMENT FORMATIONS Infantry squads normally move mounted until the situation requires them to dismount. Fixing Light Reconnaissance Formations | Small Wars Journal Delays may result when groups must avoid enemy contact. (See Figure 3-13, for an illustration of dismounted bounding overwatch.) Infiltration on a single lane (Figure 3-19) is the least desirable technique because it requires all infiltrating groups to move at intervals on the same lane. Responding to units' requests to take JBC-P features outside their mounted platforms, Army researchers are prototyping options for experimentation. After the engagement is complete, he sends an initial spot report. In less rugged terrain, where the leader can control movement more easily, soldiers expand or resume their original positions. The coil provides all-round security and observation when the platoon is stationary. (b) If the commander and the S2 have anticipated the enemy situation the reconnaissance platoon is reporting, they will already have addressed the contingency in the OPORD and given guidance to their subordinates on what COA the platoon should execute. Purposes. The near-side security, controlled by the platoon sergeant, crosses the linear danger area where the platoon crossed. This is usually more rapid than successive bounds. U.S. Army mechanized infantry dismount from an M113 armored personnel carrier during training in 1985. As information becomes available, the element in contact sends a contact report, followed by a digital or analog size, activity, location, and time (SALT) report . (4) Echelon Formation. Maneuver provides the foundation for battlefield employment. The objective is to determine exactly what the enemy situation is by dismounted reconnaissance or other reconnaissance assets and systems (ground surveillance radar, tactical unmanned aerial vehicles, and long-range reconnaissance and surveillance). He ensures that he receives clear guidance from the commander before moving on to the execution step. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. PEO C3T is delivering the network to regions around the globe, enabling high-speed, high-capacity voice, data and video communications to a user base that includes the Army's joint, coalition and other mission partners. by Bruce Held, Mark A. Lorell, James T. Quinlivan, Chad C. Serena. The platoon leader issues appropriate orders directing his subordinates to prepare to support the hasty attack. Figure 3-9. Platoon staggered column formation. Platoon using traveling technique and staggered column formation. The platoon may also break contact and bypass when it has made contact with an enemy force that cannot adversely affect the mission of the platoon's higher headquarters. By knowing these details ahead of time, the platoon leader can develop the situation more rapidly and arrive at and execute the desired COA. (b) Evaluate and Develop the Situation. Comparison of fire team formations. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. For instance, mounted and dismounted troops can conduct a mutually supporting zone reconnaissance focusing on severely restricted terrain and vehicular mobility corridors. Urban areas are ideal for effective ambush by small numbers of infantry. The system features layered overlays that allow leaders to selectively post overlays based on the tactical situation. 3-2. Open Areas. Small clearings may require crossing in the same manner as a large open area. Column formation with dispersal for added security (staggered column). (a) The reconnaissance section or team that makes initial visual contact with the enemy deploys to covered terrain that affords good observation and fields of fire. If the reconnaissance platoon is tasked to gather information over a wide area, it may employ several small teams to cover the complete sector. (2) Once it has reconnoitered the area using visual, digital, and sensor enablers, the platoon moves across the area. Candidate, Pardee RAND Graduate School, and Assistant Policy Researcher, RAND. 351 0 obj <>stream However, the platoon leader must coordinate his formation with other elements moving in the main body team's formation. Example platoon coil formation. Leaders must plan to adapt their choice of formation to the specific situation. Four GCVs per mechanized infantry platoon allow for the carrying of full nine-man squads (plus the three-man GCV crews) in a single vehicle. Column The column formation is used for road marches, for movement during limited visibility, and. This allows for continuation of the mission and reduces the chance of any loss of combat power. Making maneuver decisions normally falls to the leader on a specific part of the battlefieldthe one who knows what enemy elements can engage the maneuvering element and what friendly forces can provide the base of fire. Once the vehicles are inside the wood line (approximately 100 to 200 meters), the platoon shuts off vehicle engines, maintains dismounted security, and conducts a listening/security halt. The screens are relatively small and easily become cluttered with control measures. If possible, the section leader should provide his section with the following information: e. Execution of the movement techniques is described below. Based on the initial spot report of the reconnaissance section or team in contact, the platoon leader determines that he has located his primary reconnaissance objective. Extraction by air or RV (ground) is favored when the resources are available and their use will not compromise the mission. The company team commander first designates a fixing force to maintain contact with the enemy and assist the remainder of the team during the bypass. This is especially important when the platoon is moving through an enemy security area where enemy forces are likely to move in response to friendly activity or when the platoon expects to encounter a moving enemy force. "Set" means that the element has arrived at its destination and has occupied a position from which it can observe to its front. As a general rule, the platoon, section, or team should disengage from the enemy as early in the contact as possible. This is best achieved by dismounted infantry. endstream endobj startxref Locating covered and concealed movement routes for friendly attacking units. The trail element first occupies a covered and concealed position from which it can overwatch the lead element. In addition, digital communications are to be maintained between the dismounted and vehicular elements. (2) Multiple-Lane Infiltration. From this position, he establishes local security (a hasty OP) and monitors and controls the efforts of his sections or teams. d. Techniques. It may use mounted reconnaissance to move additional assets into the area to support the reconnaissance element in contact. hb```e``_/31 P`Q;:*:2@zb1H1 {MaF+ A'2pLK`/~T'4#; |[pq2N@pQ> j * The various techniques and formations have unique advantages and disadvantages. (4) Rally Point. As the probability of enemy contact increases, the platoon leader adjusts the movement technique to provide greater security. 0000006856 00000 n The leader analyzes the latest information on the enemy and determines if contact with the enemy is unlikely. Once the reconnaissance section or team is set in cover and concealment and has submitted its initial reports, it must develop the situation. While attempting to develop the situation, the section or team may find that it cannot determine the exact enemy situation for a number of possible reasons to include obstacles, combat losses, suppressive fires by the enemy, or the size and extent of the enemy position. The Ground Combat Vehicle is an attempt to provide the infantry with an IFV that can carry a full infantry squad of nine men capable of dismounting under fire and defeating the enemy in complex terrain. A-1. A good technique is to plot the waypoints to coincide with other graphic control measures such as checkpoints and rally points or significant terrain features. The routes should facilitate mission accomplishment within the limitations of boundaries and allow freedom of maneuver. Examples include large open areas, roads and trails, and bridges or crossing sites over water obstacles. (4) The platoon may encounter small clearings, buildings, or hills while moving through a wooded area. When rough terrain, limited visibility, or other factors make control difficult, the fire team modifies the wedge. It allows the squad leader to control and communicate with the squad while mounted. Dismounted traveling overwatch. At the same time, he considers the other factors of METT-TC. It sends this information to the platoon leader in the form of updates to the original spot report as soon as possible. Maintain contact to support a hasty attack. At a minimum, the platoon must rehearse and be ready to execute these potential COAs: e. The Four Steps of Actions on Contact. Mounted Soldier System - Wikipedia Once the platoon determines the nature of the enemy it faces, the platoon leader updates the spot report. If he decides additional assets are required, the platoon leader then orders other sections or teams not in contact to move to specific locations and assist in developing the situation. The lead vehicle occupies the 12 o'clock position, and the other vehicles occupy the 3, 9, and 6 o'clock positions in accordance with the order of march. Movement into and out of the various formations must be second nature to each section. It overwatches while the new trail element (formerly the overwatch element) bounds forward to the next overwatch position. Once the displacing section or team has arrived at the rally point, it takes up defensive positions and reports its arrival to the overwatch section or team. They should not attack more heavily armored vehicles except in self-defense. Squad Formations. (e) Conduct a Hasty Attack. 0000004545 00000 n If the reconnaissance platoon must conduct a hasty defense, the battalion commander assumes responsibility for continuing to develop the situation. Leaders track the movement of forward security elements.. Should a break in contact occur: (1) The leader or detached element uses GPS aids to reestablish contact with the main body. It simplifies the transition to dismounted operations in complex terrain. However, the distances between covered and concealed positions may make the use of dismounted infantry impractical. Reducing the size, weight and power, commonly known as SWaP, is a critical objective, said Brendan Schafer, a computer scientist with the Communications-Electronics Research, Development and Engineering Center -- the Army science and technology organization spearheading the effort, with resourcing from Project Manager Mission Command. To aid in the control of movement, the platoon should choose rally points for all infiltrations and exfiltrations. Situations involving nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) conditions (see. (1) When the platoon deploys and reports, it uses fundamental techniques of tactical movement (dismounted or mounted) and action drills using the terrain to ensure effective cover and concealment. 0000003156 00000 n e. Making Enemy Contact at Danger Areas. Troops can be garrisoned in villages, snipers can dominate approaches, and buildings and roads can be mined and booby-trapped. In this method, the trail element advances past the lead element to the next overwatch position. Should the platoon become decisively engaged, it must have a plan on how to break contact with the enemy. (c) Choose and Recommend a COA and Maneuver the Force. This paragraph discusses the technological advantages of the mobility systems and C3 subsystems of the reconnaissance platoon as operational aids for planning, navigating, controlling, and executing combat operations. This formation can be used regardless of the platoon organization and is applicable to most reconnaissance platoon missions. Without the use of indirect fires in this situation, the platoon will fail. Compared to mounted operations, dismounted movement techniques and formations require as muchor moredetail during the planning phase. The wedge lends itself to immediate mutual support and provides depth; it is very flexible. In the commander's order, the engagement criteria tasked the reconnaissance section or team to engage when the enemy force consists of one wheeled vehicle or less (dismounted troops). Using the components taken from the currently fielded. Andrew Coleman, along with 2nd Platoon Bandit Troop, 1st Squadron, 3d Cavalry Regiment, went on a combined mounted and dismounted reconnaissance patrol with the Afghan National Army's 203rd Corps Military Police to the south east of FOB Lightning Aug. 4, 2014. (1) Single-Lane Infiltration. The troopers then conducted a dismounted movement for 7 km with.
Alexander Serpico Son Of Frank Serpico, Stevewilldoit Net Worth 2021, Secret Escapes Treehouse Northern Ireland, Mika Zibanejad Wedding, Articles M